Spatial and temporal distribution of heavy elements in the roadsides of Basrah Government.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54174/wt647e21Keywords:
pollution, soil, accumulation, heavy elements, cadmiumAbstract
Since heavy element pollution of soil has become a global issue for human health and food security concerns, the purpose of this study is to determine the levels of heavy element pollution by examining the effects of vehicle traffic on the roads and the toxic waste it generates in the streets of Basrah Government in southern Iraq. The core samples were collected randomly from October 2022 to April 2023 for the purpose of measuring the concentrations of heavy elements (manganese - lead - cadmium - chromium - zinc - iron - nickel) in exchangeable and residual phases in roadsid soil, using the flame atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Pollution indicators: geoaccumulation index (I-geo) , Contamination factor (CF) and Enrichment factor (EF) , were also measured .
The results of the highest concentrations of heavy elements (Ni, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn) in the Exchangeable phase of soil were (113.45,2462.16,69.24,204.87,3.49,842.05,1407.00 μg/g dry weight respectively. While the lowest concentration was 14.82,598.58,8.96,72.88,0.84,5.14,45.11) μg/g dry weight respectively. Whereas the highest concentration in residual phase of soil was 94.45 ,3340.87 ,58.35 ,318.59 ,2.74, 681.12 ,222.44 μg/g dry weight respectively. While the lowest concentration was (18.30,902.32,12.04,40.69,0.54,14.72,6.53 (μg/g dry weight respectively. Assessment of heavy elements pollution, using pollution indexes registered that the annual average of study station with (I-geo) factor ranged from moderately polluted to polluted, especially with Pb, Ni and Cr. Also, contamination factor indicated CF considerable contamination to very high contamination especially with Pb and Ni . Enrichment factor( EF ) indicated very severe enrichment to extremely severe enrichment especially with, Pb, Ni and Cr . pollution of the study area by heavy elements depended of indexes factors in the order of Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd > Mn > Zn > Fe .
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